How to File for a Design Patent

Unfortunately, there are no premade or online forms available to use for the specification and drawings needed for a design patent. The rest of this tutorial will help you create and format your application. However, there are forms that must accompany your application and they are the: Design Patent Application Transmittal, Fee Transmittal, Oath or Declaration, and an Application Data Sheet.   All Patent applications follow a format derived from the patent laws and regulations. The application is a legal document. Hot TipIt will be a lot easier for you to understand the following instructions on how to apply for a design patent if you read a few issued design patents first. Please take a look at Design Patent D436,119 as an example before proceeding. This example includes the front page and three pages of drawing sheets. Writing Your Specification - Choice One - Begin with an Optional Preamble A preamble (if included) should state the name of the inventor, the title of the design, and a brief description of the nature and intended use of the invention that the design is connected to. All the information contained in the preamble will be printed on the patent if it is granted. Example: Using an Optional PreambleI, John Doe, have invented a new design for a jewelry cabinet, as set forth in the following specification. The claimed jewelry cabinet is used to store jewelry and could sit on a bureau. Writing Your Specification - Choice Two - Begin with a Single Claim You may choose not to write a detailed preamble in your design patent application, however, you must write one claim. Design Patent D436,119 uses a single claim. You will submit all bibliographic information such as the inventors name by using an application data sheet or ADS. An ADS is a common method for submitting bibliographic data about a patent application. Example: Using a Single ClaimThe ornamental design for eyeglasses, as shown and described. Writing the Single Claim All design patent application may only include a single claim. The claim defines the design which applicant wishes to patent. The claim must be written in formal terms. The ornamental design for [fill in] as shown. What you fill in should be consistent with the title of your invention, it is the object which the design has been applied to or embodied in. When there is a properly included special description of the design in the specification, or a proper showing of modified forms of the design, or other descriptive matter has been included in the specification, the words and described should be added to the claim following the term shown. The ornamental design for [fill in) as shown and described. Choosing the Title The title of the design must identify the invention that the design is connected to by its most common name used by the public. Marketing designations are improper as titles and should not be used. A title descriptive of the actual article is recommended. A good title helps the person that is examining your patent know where to/not to search for prior art and helps with the proper classification of the design patent if it is granted. It also helps the understanding of the nature and use of your invention embodying the design. Examples of Titles1: Jewelry cabinet2: Concealed jewelry cabinet3: Panel for a jewelry accessory cabinet4: Eyeglasses Specification - Include Cross References Any cross-references to related patent applications should be stated (unless already included in the application data sheet). Specification - State any Federal Research Make a statement regarding any federally sponsored research or development if any. Specification - Writing the Figure Descriptions of Drawings Views The figure descriptions of the drawings included with the application tell what each view represents. Example:FIG.1 is a perspective view of eyeglasses showing my new design;FIG.2 is a front elevational view thereof;FIG.3 is a rear elevational view thereof;FIG.4 is a side elevational view, the opposite side being a mirror image thereof;FIG.5 is a top view thereof; and,FIG.6 is a bottom view thereof. Specification - Writing any Special Descriptions (Optional) Any description of the design in the specification, other than a brief description of the drawing, is generally not necessary since, as a general rule, the drawing is the designs best description. However, while not required, a special description is not prohibited. In addition to the figure descriptions, the following types of special descriptions are permissible in the specification: A description of the appearance of portions of the claimed design which are not illustrated in the drawing disclosure (i.e., â€Å"the right side elevational view is a mirror image of the left side†).Description disclaiming portions of the article not shown, that form no part of the claimed design.A statement indicating that any broken line illustration of environmental structure in the drawing is not part of the design sought to be patented.Description denoting the nature and environmental use of the claimed design, if not included in the preamble. Specification - A Design Patent Has One Single Claim Design patent applications can have only one claim. The claim defines the design which you want to patent and you can only patent one design at a time. The description of the article in the claim should be consistent with the title of the invention. Example of a Title:Eyeglasses Example of a Claim:The ornamental design for eyeglasses, as shown and described. Making The Drawings BW Drawings or Photographs The drawing (disclosure) is the most important element of the design patent application. Every design patent application must include either a drawing or a photograph of the claimed design. As the drawing or photograph constitutes the entire visual disclosure of the claim, it is very important that the drawing or photograph must be clear and complete, that nothing about your design is left to conjecture. The design drawing or photograph must comply with the disclosure requirements of patent law 35 U.S.C. 112. This patent law requires you to fully reveal your invention. To meet the requirements, the drawings or photographs must include a sufficient number of views to constitute a complete disclosure of the appearance of the design claimed. Drawings are normally required to be in black ink on white paper. However, bw photographs are permitted subject to Rule 1.84 Standards For Drawings. The rule states that you can use a photograph if a photograph is better than an ink drawing to disclose your design. You must apply in writing for an exemption in order to use a photograph with your application. Label Photographs BW photographs submitted on double weight photographic paper must have the drawing figure number entered on the face of the photograph. Photographs mounted on Bristol board may have the figure number shown in black ink on the Bristol board, proximate the corresponding photograph. You Cannot Use Both Photographs and drawings must not both be included in the same application. The introduction of both photographs and drawings in a design patent application would result in a high probability of inconsistencies between the corresponding elements on the ink drawings as compared with the photographs. Photographs submitted in lieu of ink drawings must not disclose environmental structure but must be limited to the claimed design itself. Color Drawings or Photographs The USPTO will accept color drawings or photographs in design patent applications only after you file a petition explaining why the color is necessary. Any such petition must include an extra fee, a copy of the color drawings or photographs, and a BW photocopy that accurately depicts the subject matter shown in the color drawings or photographs. When you use color you must also include a written statement placed just before the description of the drawings that says The file of this patent contains a least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent with color drawings will be provided by the United States Patent and Trademark Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee. The Views The drawings or photographs should contain a sufficient number of views to completely disclose the appearance of the claimed design, for example, front, rear, right and left sides, top and bottom. While not required, it is suggested that perspective views be submitted to clearly show the appearance and shape of three-dimensional designs. If a perspective view is submitted, the surfaces shown would normally not be required to be illustrated in other views if these surfaces are clearly understood and fully disclosed in the perspective. Unneeded Views Views that are merely duplicates of other views of the design or that are merely flat and include no ornamental may be omitted from the drawing if the specification makes this explicitly clear. For example, if the left and right sides of a design are identical or a mirror image, a view should be provided of one side and a statement made in the drawing description that the other side is identical or a mirror image. If the bottom of the design is flat, a view of the bottom may be omitted if the figure descriptions include a statement that the bottom is flat and unornamented. Using a Sectional View A sectional view which more clearly brings out elements of the design is permissible, however, a sectional view presented to show functional features, or interior structure not forming part of the claimed design, is neither required nor permitted. Using Surface Shading The drawing should be provided with the right surface shading which shows clearly the character and contour of all surfaces of any three-dimensional aspects of the design. Surface shading is also necessary to distinguish between any open and solid areas of the design. Solid black surface shading is not permitted except when used to represent the color black as well as color contrast.   If the shape of the design is not fully disclosed when you file. Any additions of surface shading after the initial filing may be viewed as new matter. New matter is anything that is added to, or from, the claim, drawings or specification, that was neither shown nor suggested in the original application. The patent examiner will rule that your later additions are part of a new design rather than a missing piece of the original design. (see patent law 35 U.S.C. 132 and patent rule 37 CFR  § 1.121) Using Broken Lines A broken line is understood to be for illustrative purposes only and forms no part of the claimed invented design. The structure that is not part of the claimed design, but is considered necessary to show the environment in which the design is used, may be represented in the drawing by broken lines. This includes any portion of an article in which the design is embodied or applied to that is not considered part of the claimed design. When the claim is directed to just surface ornamentation for an article, the article in which it is embodied must be shown in broken lines. In general, when broken lines are used, they should not intrude upon or cross the solid lines of the claimed design and should not be heavier or darker than the lines used depicting the claimed design. Where a broken line showing of environmental structure must necessarily cross or intrude upon the representation of the claimed design and obscures a clear understanding of the design, such an illustration should be included as a separate figure in addition to the other figures which fully disclose the subject matter of the design. See - Broken Line Disclosure The Oath or Declaration The oath or declaration required of the applicant must comply with the requirements of patent rule 37 CFR  §1.63. Fees In addition, the filing fee, search fee, and examination fee are also required. For a small entity, (an independent inventor, a small business concern, or a non-profit organization), these fees are reduced by half. As of 2005, the basic filing fee for a design patent for a small entity is $100, the search fee is $50, and the examination fee is $65. Other fees may apply, see USPTO Fees and use the Fee Transmittal Form. The preparation of a design patent application and interacting with the USPTO requires knowledge of patent laws and rules and USPTO practices and procedures. If you dont know what you doing, consult a registered patent attorney or agent. Good Drawings Are Very Important Of primary importance in a design patent application is the drawing disclosure, which illustrates the design being claimed. Unlike a utility patent application, where the claim describes the invention in a lengthy written explanation, the claim in a design patent application protects the overall visual appearance of the design, â€Å"described† in the drawings. You can use the following resources to help you prepare your drawings for your design patent application. Drawings for all types of patents fall under the same rules as far as margins, lines, etc. Reference MaterialRules for Patent Drawing StandardsExamples of Design Patents - Disclosures, Shading and Views It is essential that you present a set of drawings (or photographs) of the highest quality which conform to the rules and drawing standards. You cannot change your patent drawings after your application has been filed. See - Examples of Acceptable Drawings and Drawing Disclosures. You may want to hire a professional draftsperson who specializes in preparing design patent drawings. Application Paper Formats You can format your application papers (margins, type of paper, etc) the same as you would a utility patent. See - The Correct Style For Application Pages All papers which are to become part of the permanent records of the USPTO must be typewritten or produced by a mechanical (or computer) printer. The text must be in permanent black ink or its equivalent; on a single side of the paper; in portrait orientation; on white paper that is all of the same size, flexible, strong, smooth, nonshiny, durable, and without holes. The paper size must be either: 21.6 cm. by 27.9 cm. (8 1/2 by 11 inches), or21.0 cm. by 29.7 cm. (DIN size A4).There must be a left margin of at least 2.5 cm. (1 inch) and top,right, and bottom margins of at least 2.0 cm. (3/4 inch). Receiving A Filing Date When a complete design patent application, along with the appropriate filing fee, is received by the Office, it is assigned an Application Number and a Filing Date. A Filing Receipt containing this information is sent to the applicant, do not lose it. The application is then assigned to an examiner. Applications are examined in order of their filing date. After the USPTO receives your application for a design patent, they will examine it to make sure that it complies with all the laws and rules that apply to design patents. The USPTO will closely check your drawing disclosure and compare the design you have claimed to have invented with prior art. â€Å"Prior art† would be any issued patents or published materials that dispute who was first to invent the design in question. If your application for a design patent passes the examination, called being â€Å"allowed,† instructions will be sen to you as to how to complete the process and get your design patent issued. If your application does not pass the examination, you will be sent an action or letter detailing why your application was rejected. This letter may contain suggestions by the examiner for amendments to the application. Keep this letter and do not send it back to the USPTO. Your Response To Rejection You have a limited time to reply, however, you can request in writing that the USPTO reconsiders your application. In your request, you can point out any errors you think the examiner made. However, if the examiner found prior art that disputes you being first with your design that you cannot argue with. In all cases where the examiner has said that a reply to a requirement is necessary, or where the examiner has indicated patentable subject matter, the reply must comply with the requirements set forth by the examiner, or specifically argue each requirement as to why compliance should not be required. In any communication with the Office, applicant should include the all the following applicable items: Application numberGroup art unit number (copied from filing receipt or the most recent Office action)Filing dateName of the examiner who prepared the most recent Office action.Title of invention If your reply is not received within the designated time period, the application will be considered abandoned. To ensure that a time period set for reply to a USPTO action is not missed; a â€Å"Certificate of Mailing† should be attached to the reply. This â€Å"Certificate† establishes that the reply is being mailed on a given date. It also establishes that the reply is timely, if it was mailed before the period for reply had expired, and if it is mailed with the United States Postal Service. A â€Å"Certificate of Mailing† is not the same as â€Å"Certified Mail.† A suggested format for a Certificate of Mailing is as follows: â€Å"I hereby certify that this correspondence is being deposited with the United States Postal Service as first class mail in an envelope addressed to: Box Design, Commissioner for Patents, Washington, D.C. 20231, on (DATE MAILED)† (Name - Typed or Printed) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Signature__________________________________ Date______________________________________ If a receipt for any paper filed in the USPTO is desired, applicant should include a stamped, self-addressed postcard, which lists, on the message side applicants name and address, the application number, and filing date, the types of papers submitted with the reply (i.e., 1 sheet of drawings, 2 pages of amendments, 1 page of an oath/declaration, etc.) This postcard will be stamped with the date of receipt by the mailroom and returned to applicant. This postcard will be applicants evidence that the reply was received by the Office on that date. If applicant changes his or her mailing address after filing an application, the Office must be notified in writing of the new address. Failure to do so will result in future communications being mailed to the old address, and there is no guarantee that these communications will be forwarded to applicants new address. Applicants failure to receive, and properly reply to these Office communications will result in the application being held abandoned. Notification of â€Å"Change of Address† should be made by separate letter, and a separate notification should be filed for each application. Reconsideration Upon submission of a reply to an Office action, the application will be reconsidered and further examined in view of applicants remarks and any amendments included with the reply. The examiner will then either withdraw the rejection and allow the application or, if not persuaded by the remarks and/or amendments submitted, repeat the rejection and make it Final. Applicant may file an appeal with the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences after given a final rejection or after the claim has been rejected twice. Applicant may also file a new application prior to the abandonment of the original application, claiming benefit of the earlier filing date. This will allow continued prosecution of the claim.

Essay on Differences Between Mitigation and Preparedness

Part I What are the primary differences between Mitigation and Preparedness? Research and describe three examples of each. The United States experiences a variety of natural disasters throughout the year. Because of hurricanes on the Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico coasts, earthquakes near the San Andreas and other fault lines, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes in the plains, and floods throughout the Midwest, the United States suffers approximately $1 billion in losses each week. From 1990-93, losses surpassed those during the previous decade, mainly due to Hurricane Andrew, the Midwest and Northwest floods, and the Northridge Earthquake. Regardless of the location of a natural disaster in the United States, a program of disaster†¦show more content†¦(Ready.gov) Wildfire Mitigation: * Learn and teach safe fire practices * Build fires away from nearby trees or bushes, always have a way to extinguish a fire, never leave a fire unattended * Obtain local building codes and weed abatement ordinances for buildings near wooded areas * Use fire-resistant materials when building, renovating, or retrofitting structures * Create a safety zone to separate home from combustible plants and vegetables * Install electrical lines underground, if possible * Prune all branches around residence to a height of 8-10 feet * Keep trees adjacent to buildings free of dead or dying wood and moss * Remove all dead limbs, needles, and debris from rain gutters * Store combustible/flammable materials in approved safety containers and keep away from home * Keep chimney clean * Avoid open burning, especially during dry season. Install smoke detectors on every level of your home * Make evacuation plans from home and neighborhood and have back up plans * Avoid using wooden shakes and shingles for roofing * Use only thick, tempered safety glass in large windows and doors * Have a disaster supplies on hand * Develop an emergency communication plan in case of separation * Ask an out-of-state relative to serve as the â€Å"family contact† (ready.gov)Show MoreRelatedDisaster Disasters And Its Impact On A Population1421 Words   |  6 Pages For preparedness, risk formulas are insufficient in the absence of context and consideration for social vulnerability, Birkmann (2007) encourages us to shift away from viewing disasters as large-scale events requiring similarly complex technological solutions to consideration of a potentially damaging natural occurrence in relation to a community’s vulnerability, which itself is intrinsically linked to human action and behaviour. 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This failure released 1.5 billion gallons of water down Profitt M ountain and into Johnson Shut-Ins State Park. This was an emergency event that impacted one family’s home, and three vehicles traveling on Route N. The reservoir failure is classified as a man-made event as it was caused by a failure of the over pumpingRead MoreThe World s Largest Type Of Earthquake1532 Words   |  7 Pagespublished data from Washington and Oregon, we find that the analysis of Hyndman and Wang (1995) has greater support from the geological record compared with that by Mitchell et al. 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Accounting Auditing and Assurance Services

Questions: Your firm is the auditor of GreenBrown Ltd, a manufacturer. You have obtained a summary of the property, plant and equipment for the year ended 30 June 2015, which identifies cost and accumulated depreciation brought forward, additions and disposals in the year and depreciation charges. A review of the management letter from the previous years audit shows that there were some problems in relation to making a distinction between capital and revenue expenditure; some items were capitalised when they should have been expensed and other capital items were included in repairs and maintenance in the income statement. Another risk identified from prior years relates to depreciation calculations; there is a range of depreciation rates within categories and there has been concern that the rates applied to some assets have been too low. The depreciation policy disclosed in the financial report shows: buildings: 24% straight line plant and machinery: 510% straight line fixtures fittings and equipment: 520% straight line. Required Describe audit procedures to ensure: (a) the accuracy of the summary of property plant and equipment (b) all items of a capital expenditure are included in additions for the year and that no revenue expenditure has been capitalized (c) the depreciation rates are calculated appropriately. Answers: The firm is the auditor of the client Green Brown Limited, a manufacturer. Requiring the following instances Requirement (a) The audit procedures of the summary of the property Plant and Equipment enumerated as the steps below: The auditor should check that, The opening balance of the said asset is brought forwarded from the previous year correctly. If the management of the company are maintain the Accumulated Depreciation account, then the balance of the previous year has been correctly forwarded to this year (Tracy, 2008). Obtain a summary analysis of changes in property owned and reconcile with the particular ledger. Vouch additions to the property during the year. The major equipments which has been added recently should be physically inspected. The repair and maintenance account related to the equipment should be thoroughly be checked. If there are some idle assets, then check the status of the same. Provision for Depreciation provided by the client should also be checked. Any disposals during the year have been taken place or not. Examine the legal ownership documents on the part of the asset. In order to the additions in the asset, test checks the invoices, deeds, contracts or other supporting documents. Investigate all instances in which the actual cost of acquisitions subsequently upgraded the amounts. Determine whether the Total Cost of the plant and equipment purchased on the installment scheme is reflected in the asset accounts and that the unpaid installments are set up as liabilities. In the case of sale of any equipment, the work orders should be checked for proper authorization. The reduction in insurance coverage should also be checked. Determine the total Accumulated Depreciation recorded in the subsidiary records agree with the applicable general ledger controlling accounts. Compare any variances with the rates applied of provision for depreciation of current year with the last year. Be alert with the excessive depreciation on fully depreciated assets. Test deductions from accumulated depreciation for the assets sold. Performance of analytical procedures for depreciation. Requirement (b) The audit procedures on all items of a capital expenditure are included in additions for the year and that no revenue expenditure has been capitalized As in the case study mentioned that, from the previous years audit shows some items were capitalized when they should have been expensed and other capital items were included in Repairs and Maintenance head in the income statement. So, in the organization there regulates a wrong idea of the nature of the expenditures which is capital in nature and which is revenue in nature. Capital Expenditure: It is the amount spent for the acquisition or renovation of some of the fixed assets like, buildings, machineries, plant, heavy equipments etc. to increase the capacity or the efficiency of the assets for a long period of time. In accounting, it is to be capitalized and shown only in the balance sheet(Farazmand and Pinkowski, 2007). Revenue Expenditure: It is the recurring expenditure the company incurs for the enhancement of the fixed assets in a regular interval. That means for the repairs or the maintenance expenditures of the assets. It is not being capitalized because it will not help to increase the earning capacity of the machine but only for the maintenance purpose. It is incurred only for the short period of time and the calculation shown in the income statement as well as in the balance sheet in the year in which the expenditure has been incurred(Farazmand and Pinkowski, 2007). The key differences between those two expenditures are as follows: Capital expenditure are for the increase of the productivity of the fixed assets, where the Revenue Expenditures are only for the maintenance of the assets. Capital expenditures are amounted huge figures, Revenue Expenditures are comparatively lower in figures. The Capital Expenditures should be capitalized, On the Other Hand, the Revenue Expenditures need not be capitalized The Capital Expenditures are shown only in the Balance Sheet of the company. But Revenue Expenditures are shown in the Balance Sheet as well as in the Income Statement as well. Capital Expenditures are related for the purchase or for the installation of the fixed assets. Revenue Expenditures are related for the repairs and maintenance of the fixed assets. The Capital Expenditures are incurred in the year in which it is purchased or put to use, bur Revenue Expenditures are incurred in regular interval almost in every year. So the auditor should always be alert about the nature of the expenditure which is capital in nature and which is revenue in nature. Following are the steps an auditor can obtain: The auditor should ask the concerned accountant of the company about the doubtful items of expenditures. Then to identify the nature of the expenditure the auditor should undergo the nature of the work and procedures, rules and regulations etc. of the organization. The auditor should check whether the demarcation of the expenditures have been made as per the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) of accounting or not. For an example, the painting in the new building is revenue expenditure, whereas the new building is capital expenditure. The auditor should consider the situation of making payments because same expenditure could be capital in nature and sometimes revenue in nature in different situations. Requirement (c) Depreciation: Depreciation is the systematic deduction in the cost of the fixed assets like building, machinery, plant, furniture and fixtures etc. Depreciation needs to be deducted on the value of the assets every year to match the cost of the valuation of the assets over a period of time. So that at the end of a certain period the asset can reflect the exact value at that time (King, 2002). Depreciation rates as may be different types according to the Companies Act, 1956 or as per the Income Tax Act, 1961. The method of calculation of the depreciation are, Straight Line Method, Written down Value Method, Weighted Average Method etc. as per as the companys volume of work or nature of work. Audit procedures regarding the depreciation (Honigmann, 2007) on fixed assets are as follows: The auditor must ensure that the rates of depreciation provided as per the Companies Act, 1956. The nature of the business or the capital employed should be checked. Whether the depreciation is charged is more than the rates as specified in the act, then the auditor should examine this has been done as per the technical and professional ethics Difference rates for different assets are employed or not. In case of the change in the method of accounting depreciation, the recalculation has been done on the date on which the asset came into force and any deficiency has been booked in the profit loss account. Depreciation has been charged on the assets as Pro-rata basis on the assets that has been purchased during the current year. Any revaluation work, all the assets have been charged on revalued amounts. In the given case, depreciation has been charged on the assets at the rate of a different range at straight line method on different assets. This is a violation of the act, because depreciation rates should be in the static and not in a range. The auditors duty regarding the above case is to first enquire the management for the reason why they approved the range of the depreciation. Then he should compare the rates as specified in the act and make the decision which percentage of the range is applicable on the different assets as to take effect in the accounts. Again some of the assets have been charged as low rates of depreciation. So the auditors duties regarding this is to follow the calculation of the deficiency occurred of this default and try to advice the accountant concerned to make sufficient rectification for the reconciliation to make the accounts transparent to stand the status of the organization as well. At the end of the report, the auditor should make his decision as to whether he would reflect some adverse reports on the negligence occurred above as per the act and flash the points of suggestions as to how the organization will overcome these types of mistakes to perform well in the future. References: Tracy, J. (2008). Accounting for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub., Inc. Agar, C. (2005). Capital investment financing. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Poterba, J. and Rami rez Verdugo, A. (2008). Portfolio substitution and the revenue cost of exempting state and local government interest payments from federal income tax. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. King, A. (2002). Valuation. New York: J. Wiley. Honigmann, E. (2007). Buying and selling a small business. [United States?]: Monnet Press. Bragg, S. (2013). Accounting best practices. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. SLATER, J. (2012). College accounting chapters 1-12 with study guide and working papers. Upper saddle river: Prentice hall. Farazmand, A. and Pinkowski, J. (2007). Handbook of globalization, governance, and public administration. Boca Raton, FL: CRC/Taylor Francis.

lovw Essays - Love, Interpersonal Relationships, Emotions

Love relationships are similar to a seesaw, as the seesaw tips according to the persons sitting on the two sides, a love relationship can also lean according to the mentality of the couple in the said relationship. Passage 1 and Passage 2 both depict situations with love relationships that have varying passions, intensity, and dilemmas. Passage 1 and Passage 2 establish a controlling idea that love?s various obstacles and hindrances can occur by the individuals in the relationship or by outside forces affecting the relationships. Passage 1 introduces the idea that the crisis of death can occur during a relationship. Passage 1 describes the relationship between two lovers. When the woman in the relationship dies the man is left to mourn over the death of his lover. This death profoundly affects the man and his ability to live without his love. This is evident when the speaker, in stanza 5, states the hyperbole ?And neither the angels in heaven above, Nor the demons down under the sea, Can ever dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.? These thoughts and feelings of mourning due to the death of the woman thus create the obstruction that may transpire in a relationship. As to solving this dilemma the man in the relationship decides to lie side by side next to his deceased lover. Passage 2 incorporates the idea of an obstacle during a relationship, however not in the form of death. Passage 2 describes a situation where a woman asks a man, presumably her father, to tell her about times when she was a child. In the story a couple is described to be in love and wanting to be together. One obstacle the couple faces is, having to survive in the lower floor of a dentist?s office with a young child, who is the woman listening to this story. This is only a minor problem the couple has to face, and in addition, this problem is faced by the couple together not by one or the other. The major problem comes up when their baby seems to be sick and the husband decides to go hunting early in the morning. The wife is upset at the husband and questions his role in the relationship. This shows the obstacle in this relationship. Specifically the obstacle faced is that of desire versus responsibility. The husband wants to go and hunt with his friend Carl but needs to fulfill his role as a father and take care of the child. After the development of the dilemma the husband decides to be proactive and stays home to help his wife and his child. Passage 1 and Passage 2 both establish a controlling idea that love relationships are affected with problems and dilemmas by the individuals in the relationships and possibly by outside forces that influence the progress of the relationship. Passage 1 introduces the outside manipulation and influence on a relationship when Annabel Lee dies leaving her lover to mourn and his denial to part with her. Her death is the dilemma that affects this relationship. Passage 2 incorporates the idea of problems within a relationship when the husband has to choose between his desires and his responsibility towards his family. This shows the internal obstacle present in the family. Love relationships are complex in the fact that various factors influence the progress and development of them.