How to File for a Design Patent

Unfortunately, there are no premade or online forms available to use for the specification and drawings needed for a design patent. The rest of this tutorial will help you create and format your application. However, there are forms that must accompany your application and they are the: Design Patent Application Transmittal, Fee Transmittal, Oath or Declaration, and an Application Data Sheet.   All Patent applications follow a format derived from the patent laws and regulations. The application is a legal document. Hot TipIt will be a lot easier for you to understand the following instructions on how to apply for a design patent if you read a few issued design patents first. Please take a look at Design Patent D436,119 as an example before proceeding. This example includes the front page and three pages of drawing sheets. Writing Your Specification - Choice One - Begin with an Optional Preamble A preamble (if included) should state the name of the inventor, the title of the design, and a brief description of the nature and intended use of the invention that the design is connected to. All the information contained in the preamble will be printed on the patent if it is granted. Example: Using an Optional PreambleI, John Doe, have invented a new design for a jewelry cabinet, as set forth in the following specification. The claimed jewelry cabinet is used to store jewelry and could sit on a bureau. Writing Your Specification - Choice Two - Begin with a Single Claim You may choose not to write a detailed preamble in your design patent application, however, you must write one claim. Design Patent D436,119 uses a single claim. You will submit all bibliographic information such as the inventors name by using an application data sheet or ADS. An ADS is a common method for submitting bibliographic data about a patent application. Example: Using a Single ClaimThe ornamental design for eyeglasses, as shown and described. Writing the Single Claim All design patent application may only include a single claim. The claim defines the design which applicant wishes to patent. The claim must be written in formal terms. The ornamental design for [fill in] as shown. What you fill in should be consistent with the title of your invention, it is the object which the design has been applied to or embodied in. When there is a properly included special description of the design in the specification, or a proper showing of modified forms of the design, or other descriptive matter has been included in the specification, the words and described should be added to the claim following the term shown. The ornamental design for [fill in) as shown and described. Choosing the Title The title of the design must identify the invention that the design is connected to by its most common name used by the public. Marketing designations are improper as titles and should not be used. A title descriptive of the actual article is recommended. A good title helps the person that is examining your patent know where to/not to search for prior art and helps with the proper classification of the design patent if it is granted. It also helps the understanding of the nature and use of your invention embodying the design. Examples of Titles1: Jewelry cabinet2: Concealed jewelry cabinet3: Panel for a jewelry accessory cabinet4: Eyeglasses Specification - Include Cross References Any cross-references to related patent applications should be stated (unless already included in the application data sheet). Specification - State any Federal Research Make a statement regarding any federally sponsored research or development if any. Specification - Writing the Figure Descriptions of Drawings Views The figure descriptions of the drawings included with the application tell what each view represents. Example:FIG.1 is a perspective view of eyeglasses showing my new design;FIG.2 is a front elevational view thereof;FIG.3 is a rear elevational view thereof;FIG.4 is a side elevational view, the opposite side being a mirror image thereof;FIG.5 is a top view thereof; and,FIG.6 is a bottom view thereof. Specification - Writing any Special Descriptions (Optional) Any description of the design in the specification, other than a brief description of the drawing, is generally not necessary since, as a general rule, the drawing is the designs best description. However, while not required, a special description is not prohibited. In addition to the figure descriptions, the following types of special descriptions are permissible in the specification: A description of the appearance of portions of the claimed design which are not illustrated in the drawing disclosure (i.e., â€Å"the right side elevational view is a mirror image of the left side†).Description disclaiming portions of the article not shown, that form no part of the claimed design.A statement indicating that any broken line illustration of environmental structure in the drawing is not part of the design sought to be patented.Description denoting the nature and environmental use of the claimed design, if not included in the preamble. Specification - A Design Patent Has One Single Claim Design patent applications can have only one claim. The claim defines the design which you want to patent and you can only patent one design at a time. The description of the article in the claim should be consistent with the title of the invention. Example of a Title:Eyeglasses Example of a Claim:The ornamental design for eyeglasses, as shown and described. Making The Drawings BW Drawings or Photographs The drawing (disclosure) is the most important element of the design patent application. Every design patent application must include either a drawing or a photograph of the claimed design. As the drawing or photograph constitutes the entire visual disclosure of the claim, it is very important that the drawing or photograph must be clear and complete, that nothing about your design is left to conjecture. The design drawing or photograph must comply with the disclosure requirements of patent law 35 U.S.C. 112. This patent law requires you to fully reveal your invention. To meet the requirements, the drawings or photographs must include a sufficient number of views to constitute a complete disclosure of the appearance of the design claimed. Drawings are normally required to be in black ink on white paper. However, bw photographs are permitted subject to Rule 1.84 Standards For Drawings. The rule states that you can use a photograph if a photograph is better than an ink drawing to disclose your design. You must apply in writing for an exemption in order to use a photograph with your application. Label Photographs BW photographs submitted on double weight photographic paper must have the drawing figure number entered on the face of the photograph. Photographs mounted on Bristol board may have the figure number shown in black ink on the Bristol board, proximate the corresponding photograph. You Cannot Use Both Photographs and drawings must not both be included in the same application. The introduction of both photographs and drawings in a design patent application would result in a high probability of inconsistencies between the corresponding elements on the ink drawings as compared with the photographs. Photographs submitted in lieu of ink drawings must not disclose environmental structure but must be limited to the claimed design itself. Color Drawings or Photographs The USPTO will accept color drawings or photographs in design patent applications only after you file a petition explaining why the color is necessary. Any such petition must include an extra fee, a copy of the color drawings or photographs, and a BW photocopy that accurately depicts the subject matter shown in the color drawings or photographs. When you use color you must also include a written statement placed just before the description of the drawings that says The file of this patent contains a least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent with color drawings will be provided by the United States Patent and Trademark Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee. The Views The drawings or photographs should contain a sufficient number of views to completely disclose the appearance of the claimed design, for example, front, rear, right and left sides, top and bottom. While not required, it is suggested that perspective views be submitted to clearly show the appearance and shape of three-dimensional designs. If a perspective view is submitted, the surfaces shown would normally not be required to be illustrated in other views if these surfaces are clearly understood and fully disclosed in the perspective. Unneeded Views Views that are merely duplicates of other views of the design or that are merely flat and include no ornamental may be omitted from the drawing if the specification makes this explicitly clear. For example, if the left and right sides of a design are identical or a mirror image, a view should be provided of one side and a statement made in the drawing description that the other side is identical or a mirror image. If the bottom of the design is flat, a view of the bottom may be omitted if the figure descriptions include a statement that the bottom is flat and unornamented. Using a Sectional View A sectional view which more clearly brings out elements of the design is permissible, however, a sectional view presented to show functional features, or interior structure not forming part of the claimed design, is neither required nor permitted. Using Surface Shading The drawing should be provided with the right surface shading which shows clearly the character and contour of all surfaces of any three-dimensional aspects of the design. Surface shading is also necessary to distinguish between any open and solid areas of the design. Solid black surface shading is not permitted except when used to represent the color black as well as color contrast.   If the shape of the design is not fully disclosed when you file. Any additions of surface shading after the initial filing may be viewed as new matter. New matter is anything that is added to, or from, the claim, drawings or specification, that was neither shown nor suggested in the original application. The patent examiner will rule that your later additions are part of a new design rather than a missing piece of the original design. (see patent law 35 U.S.C. 132 and patent rule 37 CFR  § 1.121) Using Broken Lines A broken line is understood to be for illustrative purposes only and forms no part of the claimed invented design. The structure that is not part of the claimed design, but is considered necessary to show the environment in which the design is used, may be represented in the drawing by broken lines. This includes any portion of an article in which the design is embodied or applied to that is not considered part of the claimed design. When the claim is directed to just surface ornamentation for an article, the article in which it is embodied must be shown in broken lines. In general, when broken lines are used, they should not intrude upon or cross the solid lines of the claimed design and should not be heavier or darker than the lines used depicting the claimed design. Where a broken line showing of environmental structure must necessarily cross or intrude upon the representation of the claimed design and obscures a clear understanding of the design, such an illustration should be included as a separate figure in addition to the other figures which fully disclose the subject matter of the design. See - Broken Line Disclosure The Oath or Declaration The oath or declaration required of the applicant must comply with the requirements of patent rule 37 CFR  §1.63. Fees In addition, the filing fee, search fee, and examination fee are also required. For a small entity, (an independent inventor, a small business concern, or a non-profit organization), these fees are reduced by half. As of 2005, the basic filing fee for a design patent for a small entity is $100, the search fee is $50, and the examination fee is $65. Other fees may apply, see USPTO Fees and use the Fee Transmittal Form. The preparation of a design patent application and interacting with the USPTO requires knowledge of patent laws and rules and USPTO practices and procedures. If you dont know what you doing, consult a registered patent attorney or agent. Good Drawings Are Very Important Of primary importance in a design patent application is the drawing disclosure, which illustrates the design being claimed. Unlike a utility patent application, where the claim describes the invention in a lengthy written explanation, the claim in a design patent application protects the overall visual appearance of the design, â€Å"described† in the drawings. You can use the following resources to help you prepare your drawings for your design patent application. Drawings for all types of patents fall under the same rules as far as margins, lines, etc. Reference MaterialRules for Patent Drawing StandardsExamples of Design Patents - Disclosures, Shading and Views It is essential that you present a set of drawings (or photographs) of the highest quality which conform to the rules and drawing standards. You cannot change your patent drawings after your application has been filed. See - Examples of Acceptable Drawings and Drawing Disclosures. You may want to hire a professional draftsperson who specializes in preparing design patent drawings. Application Paper Formats You can format your application papers (margins, type of paper, etc) the same as you would a utility patent. See - The Correct Style For Application Pages All papers which are to become part of the permanent records of the USPTO must be typewritten or produced by a mechanical (or computer) printer. The text must be in permanent black ink or its equivalent; on a single side of the paper; in portrait orientation; on white paper that is all of the same size, flexible, strong, smooth, nonshiny, durable, and without holes. The paper size must be either: 21.6 cm. by 27.9 cm. (8 1/2 by 11 inches), or21.0 cm. by 29.7 cm. (DIN size A4).There must be a left margin of at least 2.5 cm. (1 inch) and top,right, and bottom margins of at least 2.0 cm. (3/4 inch). Receiving A Filing Date When a complete design patent application, along with the appropriate filing fee, is received by the Office, it is assigned an Application Number and a Filing Date. A Filing Receipt containing this information is sent to the applicant, do not lose it. The application is then assigned to an examiner. Applications are examined in order of their filing date. After the USPTO receives your application for a design patent, they will examine it to make sure that it complies with all the laws and rules that apply to design patents. The USPTO will closely check your drawing disclosure and compare the design you have claimed to have invented with prior art. â€Å"Prior art† would be any issued patents or published materials that dispute who was first to invent the design in question. If your application for a design patent passes the examination, called being â€Å"allowed,† instructions will be sen to you as to how to complete the process and get your design patent issued. If your application does not pass the examination, you will be sent an action or letter detailing why your application was rejected. This letter may contain suggestions by the examiner for amendments to the application. Keep this letter and do not send it back to the USPTO. Your Response To Rejection You have a limited time to reply, however, you can request in writing that the USPTO reconsiders your application. In your request, you can point out any errors you think the examiner made. However, if the examiner found prior art that disputes you being first with your design that you cannot argue with. In all cases where the examiner has said that a reply to a requirement is necessary, or where the examiner has indicated patentable subject matter, the reply must comply with the requirements set forth by the examiner, or specifically argue each requirement as to why compliance should not be required. In any communication with the Office, applicant should include the all the following applicable items: Application numberGroup art unit number (copied from filing receipt or the most recent Office action)Filing dateName of the examiner who prepared the most recent Office action.Title of invention If your reply is not received within the designated time period, the application will be considered abandoned. To ensure that a time period set for reply to a USPTO action is not missed; a â€Å"Certificate of Mailing† should be attached to the reply. This â€Å"Certificate† establishes that the reply is being mailed on a given date. It also establishes that the reply is timely, if it was mailed before the period for reply had expired, and if it is mailed with the United States Postal Service. A â€Å"Certificate of Mailing† is not the same as â€Å"Certified Mail.† A suggested format for a Certificate of Mailing is as follows: â€Å"I hereby certify that this correspondence is being deposited with the United States Postal Service as first class mail in an envelope addressed to: Box Design, Commissioner for Patents, Washington, D.C. 20231, on (DATE MAILED)† (Name - Typed or Printed) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Signature__________________________________ Date______________________________________ If a receipt for any paper filed in the USPTO is desired, applicant should include a stamped, self-addressed postcard, which lists, on the message side applicants name and address, the application number, and filing date, the types of papers submitted with the reply (i.e., 1 sheet of drawings, 2 pages of amendments, 1 page of an oath/declaration, etc.) This postcard will be stamped with the date of receipt by the mailroom and returned to applicant. This postcard will be applicants evidence that the reply was received by the Office on that date. If applicant changes his or her mailing address after filing an application, the Office must be notified in writing of the new address. Failure to do so will result in future communications being mailed to the old address, and there is no guarantee that these communications will be forwarded to applicants new address. Applicants failure to receive, and properly reply to these Office communications will result in the application being held abandoned. Notification of â€Å"Change of Address† should be made by separate letter, and a separate notification should be filed for each application. Reconsideration Upon submission of a reply to an Office action, the application will be reconsidered and further examined in view of applicants remarks and any amendments included with the reply. The examiner will then either withdraw the rejection and allow the application or, if not persuaded by the remarks and/or amendments submitted, repeat the rejection and make it Final. Applicant may file an appeal with the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences after given a final rejection or after the claim has been rejected twice. Applicant may also file a new application prior to the abandonment of the original application, claiming benefit of the earlier filing date. This will allow continued prosecution of the claim.

Essay on Differences Between Mitigation and Preparedness

Part I What are the primary differences between Mitigation and Preparedness? Research and describe three examples of each. The United States experiences a variety of natural disasters throughout the year. Because of hurricanes on the Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico coasts, earthquakes near the San Andreas and other fault lines, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes in the plains, and floods throughout the Midwest, the United States suffers approximately $1 billion in losses each week. From 1990-93, losses surpassed those during the previous decade, mainly due to Hurricane Andrew, the Midwest and Northwest floods, and the Northridge Earthquake. Regardless of the location of a natural disaster in the United States, a program of disaster†¦show more content†¦(Ready.gov) Wildfire Mitigation: * Learn and teach safe fire practices * Build fires away from nearby trees or bushes, always have a way to extinguish a fire, never leave a fire unattended * Obtain local building codes and weed abatement ordinances for buildings near wooded areas * Use fire-resistant materials when building, renovating, or retrofitting structures * Create a safety zone to separate home from combustible plants and vegetables * Install electrical lines underground, if possible * Prune all branches around residence to a height of 8-10 feet * Keep trees adjacent to buildings free of dead or dying wood and moss * Remove all dead limbs, needles, and debris from rain gutters * Store combustible/flammable materials in approved safety containers and keep away from home * Keep chimney clean * Avoid open burning, especially during dry season. Install smoke detectors on every level of your home * Make evacuation plans from home and neighborhood and have back up plans * Avoid using wooden shakes and shingles for roofing * Use only thick, tempered safety glass in large windows and doors * Have a disaster supplies on hand * Develop an emergency communication plan in case of separation * Ask an out-of-state relative to serve as the â€Å"family contact† (ready.gov)Show MoreRelatedDisaster Disasters And Its Impact On A Population1421 Words   |  6 Pages For preparedness, risk formulas are insufficient in the absence of context and consideration for social vulnerability, Birkmann (2007) encourages us to shift away from viewing disasters as large-scale events requiring similarly complex technological solutions to consideration of a potentially damaging natural occurrence in relation to a community’s vulnerability, which itself is intrinsically linked to human action and behaviour. 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This failure released 1.5 billion gallons of water down Profitt M ountain and into Johnson Shut-Ins State Park. This was an emergency event that impacted one family’s home, and three vehicles traveling on Route N. The reservoir failure is classified as a man-made event as it was caused by a failure of the over pumpingRead MoreThe World s Largest Type Of Earthquake1532 Words   |  7 Pagespublished data from Washington and Oregon, we find that the analysis of Hyndman and Wang (1995) has greater support from the geological record compared with that by Mitchell et al. 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Accounting Auditing and Assurance Services

Questions: Your firm is the auditor of GreenBrown Ltd, a manufacturer. You have obtained a summary of the property, plant and equipment for the year ended 30 June 2015, which identifies cost and accumulated depreciation brought forward, additions and disposals in the year and depreciation charges. A review of the management letter from the previous years audit shows that there were some problems in relation to making a distinction between capital and revenue expenditure; some items were capitalised when they should have been expensed and other capital items were included in repairs and maintenance in the income statement. Another risk identified from prior years relates to depreciation calculations; there is a range of depreciation rates within categories and there has been concern that the rates applied to some assets have been too low. The depreciation policy disclosed in the financial report shows: buildings: 24% straight line plant and machinery: 510% straight line fixtures fittings and equipment: 520% straight line. Required Describe audit procedures to ensure: (a) the accuracy of the summary of property plant and equipment (b) all items of a capital expenditure are included in additions for the year and that no revenue expenditure has been capitalized (c) the depreciation rates are calculated appropriately. Answers: The firm is the auditor of the client Green Brown Limited, a manufacturer. Requiring the following instances Requirement (a) The audit procedures of the summary of the property Plant and Equipment enumerated as the steps below: The auditor should check that, The opening balance of the said asset is brought forwarded from the previous year correctly. If the management of the company are maintain the Accumulated Depreciation account, then the balance of the previous year has been correctly forwarded to this year (Tracy, 2008). Obtain a summary analysis of changes in property owned and reconcile with the particular ledger. Vouch additions to the property during the year. The major equipments which has been added recently should be physically inspected. The repair and maintenance account related to the equipment should be thoroughly be checked. If there are some idle assets, then check the status of the same. Provision for Depreciation provided by the client should also be checked. Any disposals during the year have been taken place or not. Examine the legal ownership documents on the part of the asset. In order to the additions in the asset, test checks the invoices, deeds, contracts or other supporting documents. Investigate all instances in which the actual cost of acquisitions subsequently upgraded the amounts. Determine whether the Total Cost of the plant and equipment purchased on the installment scheme is reflected in the asset accounts and that the unpaid installments are set up as liabilities. In the case of sale of any equipment, the work orders should be checked for proper authorization. The reduction in insurance coverage should also be checked. Determine the total Accumulated Depreciation recorded in the subsidiary records agree with the applicable general ledger controlling accounts. Compare any variances with the rates applied of provision for depreciation of current year with the last year. Be alert with the excessive depreciation on fully depreciated assets. Test deductions from accumulated depreciation for the assets sold. Performance of analytical procedures for depreciation. Requirement (b) The audit procedures on all items of a capital expenditure are included in additions for the year and that no revenue expenditure has been capitalized As in the case study mentioned that, from the previous years audit shows some items were capitalized when they should have been expensed and other capital items were included in Repairs and Maintenance head in the income statement. So, in the organization there regulates a wrong idea of the nature of the expenditures which is capital in nature and which is revenue in nature. Capital Expenditure: It is the amount spent for the acquisition or renovation of some of the fixed assets like, buildings, machineries, plant, heavy equipments etc. to increase the capacity or the efficiency of the assets for a long period of time. In accounting, it is to be capitalized and shown only in the balance sheet(Farazmand and Pinkowski, 2007). Revenue Expenditure: It is the recurring expenditure the company incurs for the enhancement of the fixed assets in a regular interval. That means for the repairs or the maintenance expenditures of the assets. It is not being capitalized because it will not help to increase the earning capacity of the machine but only for the maintenance purpose. It is incurred only for the short period of time and the calculation shown in the income statement as well as in the balance sheet in the year in which the expenditure has been incurred(Farazmand and Pinkowski, 2007). The key differences between those two expenditures are as follows: Capital expenditure are for the increase of the productivity of the fixed assets, where the Revenue Expenditures are only for the maintenance of the assets. Capital expenditures are amounted huge figures, Revenue Expenditures are comparatively lower in figures. The Capital Expenditures should be capitalized, On the Other Hand, the Revenue Expenditures need not be capitalized The Capital Expenditures are shown only in the Balance Sheet of the company. But Revenue Expenditures are shown in the Balance Sheet as well as in the Income Statement as well. Capital Expenditures are related for the purchase or for the installation of the fixed assets. Revenue Expenditures are related for the repairs and maintenance of the fixed assets. The Capital Expenditures are incurred in the year in which it is purchased or put to use, bur Revenue Expenditures are incurred in regular interval almost in every year. So the auditor should always be alert about the nature of the expenditure which is capital in nature and which is revenue in nature. Following are the steps an auditor can obtain: The auditor should ask the concerned accountant of the company about the doubtful items of expenditures. Then to identify the nature of the expenditure the auditor should undergo the nature of the work and procedures, rules and regulations etc. of the organization. The auditor should check whether the demarcation of the expenditures have been made as per the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) of accounting or not. For an example, the painting in the new building is revenue expenditure, whereas the new building is capital expenditure. The auditor should consider the situation of making payments because same expenditure could be capital in nature and sometimes revenue in nature in different situations. Requirement (c) Depreciation: Depreciation is the systematic deduction in the cost of the fixed assets like building, machinery, plant, furniture and fixtures etc. Depreciation needs to be deducted on the value of the assets every year to match the cost of the valuation of the assets over a period of time. So that at the end of a certain period the asset can reflect the exact value at that time (King, 2002). Depreciation rates as may be different types according to the Companies Act, 1956 or as per the Income Tax Act, 1961. The method of calculation of the depreciation are, Straight Line Method, Written down Value Method, Weighted Average Method etc. as per as the companys volume of work or nature of work. Audit procedures regarding the depreciation (Honigmann, 2007) on fixed assets are as follows: The auditor must ensure that the rates of depreciation provided as per the Companies Act, 1956. The nature of the business or the capital employed should be checked. Whether the depreciation is charged is more than the rates as specified in the act, then the auditor should examine this has been done as per the technical and professional ethics Difference rates for different assets are employed or not. In case of the change in the method of accounting depreciation, the recalculation has been done on the date on which the asset came into force and any deficiency has been booked in the profit loss account. Depreciation has been charged on the assets as Pro-rata basis on the assets that has been purchased during the current year. Any revaluation work, all the assets have been charged on revalued amounts. In the given case, depreciation has been charged on the assets at the rate of a different range at straight line method on different assets. This is a violation of the act, because depreciation rates should be in the static and not in a range. The auditors duty regarding the above case is to first enquire the management for the reason why they approved the range of the depreciation. Then he should compare the rates as specified in the act and make the decision which percentage of the range is applicable on the different assets as to take effect in the accounts. Again some of the assets have been charged as low rates of depreciation. So the auditors duties regarding this is to follow the calculation of the deficiency occurred of this default and try to advice the accountant concerned to make sufficient rectification for the reconciliation to make the accounts transparent to stand the status of the organization as well. At the end of the report, the auditor should make his decision as to whether he would reflect some adverse reports on the negligence occurred above as per the act and flash the points of suggestions as to how the organization will overcome these types of mistakes to perform well in the future. References: Tracy, J. (2008). Accounting for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub., Inc. Agar, C. (2005). Capital investment financing. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Poterba, J. and Rami rez Verdugo, A. (2008). Portfolio substitution and the revenue cost of exempting state and local government interest payments from federal income tax. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. King, A. (2002). Valuation. New York: J. Wiley. Honigmann, E. (2007). Buying and selling a small business. [United States?]: Monnet Press. Bragg, S. (2013). Accounting best practices. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. SLATER, J. (2012). College accounting chapters 1-12 with study guide and working papers. Upper saddle river: Prentice hall. Farazmand, A. and Pinkowski, J. (2007). Handbook of globalization, governance, and public administration. Boca Raton, FL: CRC/Taylor Francis.

lovw Essays - Love, Interpersonal Relationships, Emotions

Love relationships are similar to a seesaw, as the seesaw tips according to the persons sitting on the two sides, a love relationship can also lean according to the mentality of the couple in the said relationship. Passage 1 and Passage 2 both depict situations with love relationships that have varying passions, intensity, and dilemmas. Passage 1 and Passage 2 establish a controlling idea that love?s various obstacles and hindrances can occur by the individuals in the relationship or by outside forces affecting the relationships. Passage 1 introduces the idea that the crisis of death can occur during a relationship. Passage 1 describes the relationship between two lovers. When the woman in the relationship dies the man is left to mourn over the death of his lover. This death profoundly affects the man and his ability to live without his love. This is evident when the speaker, in stanza 5, states the hyperbole ?And neither the angels in heaven above, Nor the demons down under the sea, Can ever dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.? These thoughts and feelings of mourning due to the death of the woman thus create the obstruction that may transpire in a relationship. As to solving this dilemma the man in the relationship decides to lie side by side next to his deceased lover. Passage 2 incorporates the idea of an obstacle during a relationship, however not in the form of death. Passage 2 describes a situation where a woman asks a man, presumably her father, to tell her about times when she was a child. In the story a couple is described to be in love and wanting to be together. One obstacle the couple faces is, having to survive in the lower floor of a dentist?s office with a young child, who is the woman listening to this story. This is only a minor problem the couple has to face, and in addition, this problem is faced by the couple together not by one or the other. The major problem comes up when their baby seems to be sick and the husband decides to go hunting early in the morning. The wife is upset at the husband and questions his role in the relationship. This shows the obstacle in this relationship. Specifically the obstacle faced is that of desire versus responsibility. The husband wants to go and hunt with his friend Carl but needs to fulfill his role as a father and take care of the child. After the development of the dilemma the husband decides to be proactive and stays home to help his wife and his child. Passage 1 and Passage 2 both establish a controlling idea that love relationships are affected with problems and dilemmas by the individuals in the relationships and possibly by outside forces that influence the progress of the relationship. Passage 1 introduces the outside manipulation and influence on a relationship when Annabel Lee dies leaving her lover to mourn and his denial to part with her. Her death is the dilemma that affects this relationship. Passage 2 incorporates the idea of problems within a relationship when the husband has to choose between his desires and his responsibility towards his family. This shows the internal obstacle present in the family. Love relationships are complex in the fact that various factors influence the progress and development of them.

People Should Use Public Transportation Instead of Driving Essays

People Should Use Public Transportation Instead of Driving Essays People Should Use Public Transportation Instead of Driving Essay People Should Use Public Transportation Instead of Driving Essay People should use public transportation instead of driving One of the difficult choices people have to make today is that of utilizing public transportation or an automobile. Americans spend a lot on everything concerning owning a car, high prices of gas, insurance, parking, license plate registration, and maintenance of the vehicle, for example. In addition, people experience long delays driving their cars every day due to crowded roads. Also, traffic congestion seems to worsen intensely while the number of motor vehicles does not stop growing; as a result, the air gets more and more polluted. According to Texas Transportation Institute, traffic congestion costs Americans $63. 1 billion a year (TTI). The use of public transportation is indeed an advantageous choice for a myriad of reasons. First off, public transportation takes people to a lot of places for a cheap price. Nowadays, due to several economic factors, people search for alternatives that help them to save money. Cars are expensive to buy and to maintain; also, gas prices have been increasing dramatically. On the other hand, public vehicles allow commuters to go around different distances spending much less than if they had to drive a car. If you compare the cost of gas and parking to the cost of train or bus pass, you will figure out that a monthly commuting pass is far more economical. Also, according to the American Automobile Association, â€Å"the estimated cost of driving a single-occupant vehicle is between $4,826 (for a small car) and $9,685 (for a large car) per year, depending upon mileage. By contrast, the annual average cost for public transportation for one adult ranges from $200 to $2,000, depending upon mileage, time of day, type of vehicle or service† (AAA). So, when looking at public transportation, one of the main benefits is undoubtedly the ability of saving some money because it costs less than driving. Another reason to advocate the use of public transportation is that it is environmentally friendly. In other words, the more people who choose mass transit, the less air pollution. The American Public Transit Association (APTA) says that â€Å"Public transportation helps promote cleaner air by reducing automobile use, which can exacerbate smog and public health problems. For each mile traveled, fewer pollutants are emitted by transit vehicles than by a single-passenger automobile; for example, buses emit 80 percent less carbon monoxide than a car†. Furthermore, mass transit emits much less hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides than cars; these kinds of gas can cause a plethora of respiratory illnesses in humans. Therefore, the result of choosing mass transit is that it benefits the environment and consequently decreases the rate of diseases among people. There is also a social aspect to consider; public transportation is an interesting choice because it can help you widen your social life and have some fun. When you take public transport, you get to meet more people and have the chance to make new friends. Moreover, you can enjoy the scenery if the bus, subway or train goes through scenic regions, and that, certainly will make you a less stressed person. For instance, my sister met her best friend in a train. After having to go on several rides together, they built not only a beautiful friendship but also they learned several things that they can do during the trips, such as, appreciating the landscapes, catching up with some reading, and interacting with people. So, all these factors go against the idea that public transportation is boring and exhausting. In conclusion, after viewing some benefits of using public transportation, we can no longer deny that it is more advantageous than driving in many aspects. People who choose mass transit are avoiding a profuse number of concerns with expenses, and consequently, they save money. Second, they are contributing to a place with good air quality; as a result, they profit from that because they are more likely to be healthy. Lastly, they take advantage of riding public transportation inasmuch as they can expand their contacts and also enjoy their life a bit more.

Marijuna Legalization essays

Marijuna Legalization essays Marijuana is illegal in fifty states because of its classification as an illicit drug, but different issues have been established that this "illicit drug" has improved the course of treatment for suffering patients. Marijuana has beneficial effects when used in medicinal scenarios for the treatment of pain; thus it should be an administered drug for patients who can benefit from the use of this drug. Marijuana has undergone analysis for its use as a medicine and the results have shown improvements in the patients who were treated with this drug. Doctors have expressed opposite opinions, making this issue very controversial. As the debate about marijuana's use as a medicine continues, experts have given us information pertaining to its positive effects when used properly. Marijuana has eased the pain of chemotherapy, severe muscle spasms caused by multiple sclerosis, weight-loss due to the AIDS virus, and other problems (www.abcnews.go.com/medmj990317.html). Experts from the National Institute of Health or NIH have confirmed that marijuana is an effective, safe and inexpensive alternative for treating nausea caused by AIDS medications and cancer treatments other such ailments as glaucoma, muscle spasms, intractable pain, epilepsy, anorexia, asthma, insomnia, depression and other disorders (Iversen 23). Other such ailments in which marijuana has been said to help are Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, repetitive migraines, and Alzheimer's, but the NIH has not reported those results (abcnews.go.com/medmj990317.html). The National Institute of Medicine shows us that the benefits from cannabis short term use doesn't hinder the possible hazards of its long-term use (Rosenthal 58). Marijuana has beneficial outlook for some illnesses, but experimen tation is limited due to its unlawfulness. The positive effects of this drug are helping a limited number so doctors have tried to work with the government to create a reliable...

Short Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Short Report - Essay Example Hence, in the changing environment of business imperatives, the organizations need to opt for training their employees and staff in the emerging new skills to meet the challenges of the time. CQ Manufacturers must also incorporate necessary changes in their HR strategies and gain essential leverage through training and development of their human resource. The process of globalization has changed the dynamics of the business world. Change has become essential for development and organizations tend to adapt to the constantly evolving business environment through appropriate training and learning modules that promote better understanding among the employees for easy changeover. â€Å"Organizations must change because their environments change† (Bateman, 1990). They implement necessary changes in the organization to not only survive but compete with their rival with confidence. The basic objective of training programs for the employees and staff is not only to learn emerging new skills in the areas concerned but they are also designed to inform and develop better perception towards new technologies that encourage confidence building and innovation of ideas. In the emerging challenges of the changing business equations, when the labour deployment is undergoing quantitative and qualitative transformations, CQ Manufacturers also needs to redefine its HR strategy to create versatility and flexibility of the contemporary work environment. The rapid globalization and technological advancement of the recent time has greatly revolutionized the labour processes. There is a significant paradigm shift in the technical division of labour from direct to indirect model that is focused on regulation, administration, improvement and innovation to meet the challenges of the changing time. Sjostrand and Tyrstrup, in one of their article, have argued that managerial leadership needs to be approached as a relational, ongoing

International Market Entry and Development Essay - 5

International Market Entry and Development - Essay Example These diverse markets differ with the local ones in terms of the needs of customers, their buying patterns, the cultures and traditions followed by the customers etc. The process for market research starts with defining the problem and planning out the objectives of the research. This is often the most difficult step of this process as this step gives a direction to the entire research process. Once the problems and objectives have been identified, the researchers must establish the extent of information needed and develop a plan for gathering the needed information along with the management plan for the research. The research objectives must be transformed into information needs which are clear and specific. The research plan can include the collection of either secondary or primary data. Secondary data is the data which has already been conducted before for some other purpose whereas primary data is one which is to be collected for the specific purpose of the international market r esearch. For international market research, the researchers need to carry out primary research due to the lack of secondary data. The next step is to actually implement the research plan and this involves collecting, processing as well as analyzing information. This step of the process is the most expensive step and needs to be carried out with a lot of attention. The researchers must analyze the collected data and tabulate results. The last step is to interpret the findings in order to find conclusions and report it to the management for further action. With the increase in globalization, companies have to sell products not only in their domestic countries but also in international countries and markets. The companies have realized that they need to change some aspects of their products in order to cater to the specific needs of the buyers in international markets. This is known as

Traffic Accident Essay Example for Free

Traffic Accident Essay Traffic accidents are considered modern problems which are causing enormous human and material losses to many people and resulting of them many temporary and permanent injuries and they cause enormous damages to the public and private properties. It is not an exaggeration to say that victims of the road accidents are more than the victims of wars and terrorist operations in the world. Some statistics indicated that the number of deaths resulting from car accidents were over (300) thousand people annually, and the estimated number of the injured people between the (10-15) million. Moreover, statistics indicated that the numbers of injuries in the United States alone were more than three and a half million yearly (Butler et al. , 1999). It is sad that (10%) of those injured people are children and the percentage of children who are exposed to injuries caused by traffic accidents in some countries might be increasing to reach more than (20%) as indicated in the Bulletin of Jordanian Traffic Institute. Some reports indicated that more than (300,000) children are exposed to injuries caused by road accidents in the United States alone (Hauschildt, 2002). What should be mentioned in this regard is that the victims of traffic accidents in the developing world countries are much more comparing with those in the developed countries as referred to in bulletin of the World Health Organization (Gender Health, (2002). All governments make efforts to reduce accidents and thus reduce their negative effects. It is unfortunate that the negative effects of car accidents are linked to the minds of many as material loss, pain and suffering physical disabilities only, but the psychological effects perhaps because of its disappearance of the human eye wasnt paid attention to and was ignored by many other people even by those who linked to researchers in the third world. It is logical that physical injuries and some psychological symptoms resulting directly from the accident receive priority in care and attention, but scientific researches confirm that some of the road accidents or those who witnessed them could show that they subsequently cause psychological disorders which may develop into severe symptoms (Butler et al. , 1999). Although the injured in traffic accidents may receive some kind of social support of their natural resources like relatives and friends in attempting to ease the negative effects resulting from traffic accidents, there are things we must draw attention to, which are: I.  All the people who were exposed to such incidents do not receive the appropriate degree of support. II. Ordinary people had been unaware of the type of the appropriate or desired social support for the victim (of an accident). III. Professional specialists have the necessary knowledge to monitor the indicators or symptoms which may be hidden from ordinary people, or difficult for them to interpret, especially in the light of the available knowledge. Although many of the symptoms resulting from traffic accidents do not appear immediately after the accident. It should be noted here that psychological wounds which inflicted on those who are exposed to traffic accidents may stay with them for a long time even after physical injuries heal. Perhaps the reason behind some athletes not recovering to their previous levels of performance before their exposure to an injury is psychological wounds are not less damaging than physical injuries; they even might be more serious in their effects. It is striking that the insurance companies in the developed countries pay profitable compensations for the effects of psychological wounds resulting from car accidents (Butler et al. , 1999). In this context, traffic accidents partially result of violations committed by an individual who hurt another individual or group of members of the society. Perhaps the gravity of the dangers of traffic accidents increases the awareness and stimulates efforts to alleviate the psychological effects. Accidents cause numerous physical and moral losses reflected on the drive r and society alike, represented in human losses up to death of the driver himself or a member of his family or his\her entire family. The losses may fully exceed in one accident to several persons or a family, and the driver remains alive. There were losses that reached cutting one of the organs or an injury that caused the driver a permanent disability. All of this would deeply generate painful psychological disorders and wounds, such as psychological trauma, depression and excess irritable emotions and loss and lack of concentration at work, thus we can sum up the problem of the study that there are psychological disorders and problems resulting from traffic accidents of the 3rd category private license drivers who are responsible for traffic accidents. The importance of this study could be formulated in the following: First: The theoretical aspect: The issues of traffic accidents and what these accidents backward of damages considered from the humanitarian issues affecting society feelings and leaving deep wounds in the human soul. The results of traffic accidents are not only confined to the participants in the incident only, but to the whole society, whether the psychological, social, human and economic level.This research is considered a serious attempt to shed light on the psychological disorders suffered by the driver, who cause accidents.  Second: the practical aspect: Access to results that help to reduce traffic accidents results on the human psyche. This research paves the way for the subsequent researches in different and divers environments, cultures and variables. The following nihilism hypotheses have been formulated to answer in this study: I. There are no statistical differences between traffic accidents and psychological trauma for the drivers who are involved in the traffic accidents from the holders of 3rd category-private driving license. II.  There are no statistical differences between traffic accidents and a state of depression among the drivers who are involved in the traffic accidents from the holders of 3rd category-private driving license. III. There are no statistical differences between traffic accidents and cases of nervousness for the drivers who are involved in the traffic accidents from the holders of 3rd category-private driving license. IV. There are no statistical differences between traffic accidents and the lack of concentration at work for the drivers who are involved in the traffic accidents from the holders of 3rd category-private driving license.

Comparing Allegory in Masque (Mask) of the Red Death and Dr Heideggers Experiment :: comparison compare contrast essays

Allegory in Masque of the Red Death and Dr Heidegger's Experiment Edgar Allan Poe's writing style is based on the supernatural and the unknown. In The Masque of the Red Death, Prince Prospero invites the revelers to come to the castle to party until the danger of pestilence is gone. The party was interrupted by an intruder who was dressed in all black (like the Grim Reaper) and was associated with the plague of the "red death." The reaper killed everyone one by one in the end. The Masque of the Red Death is an allegory. An allegory is symbols that are presented in the story that have two levels of meaning. An example can be the clock in the story. The clock told time and represented the time they had left before they died. There were seven chambers that were different colors, and the last chamber was black, which was the last chamber that represented death. I think the seven rooms symbolized the days until you die and the clock symbolized the time until you died. Dr. Heidegger brings over four of his friends to try an experiment on them in the story, Dr Heidegger's Experiment. There were three men and one woman named Widow Wycherly. They were all solemn people who had been unfortunate in life. In the past, the three men used to fight over the widow to the point of almost killing each other. Dr. Heidegger had a mysterious folio volume which was said to be magical (supernatural). He pulls out an old rose from it and turns it back to life by putting it in water called the Fountain of Youth. His friends couldn't believe that a rose was brought back to life and passed it off as a hoax. So, Dr. Heidegger gave them all a glass of the Fountain of Youth to make them believe its powers. After all of them took a gulp they were turned young again. The old people became so happy and cheerful and so full of life again like they once were in their prime. They were all happy and dancing and soon it turned into a riot where they started fighting o ver Widow Wycherly again, causing them to spill the Fountain of Youth all over the floor.

Compare the ways in which William Wordsworth and Williams Blake Essay

Compare the ways in which William Blake and Williams Wordsworth describe London and its effects on them in their poems â€Å"Composed upon Westminster Bridge† and â€Å"London† Both â€Å"Composed† and â€Å"London† are pre 1914 romantic poetry however differ on how they are influenced by romanticism. Romanticism was a fairly new type of poetry and was developed in the 18th century and used mostly in late 18th and early 19th centuries; ideas of romanticism include: the celebration of the lower class, an idyllic world, the importance of nature, faith opposed to organised religion and freedom of expression. Blake was known as the father of romanticism and his writing is both dark (when talking about society) but beautiful (when talking about nature). Wordsworth on the other hand saw romantic ideas and beauty everywhere (including society). Life in the 18th century was all about change and revolution; some people were being more open on their views of organised religion and other areas of society – thus influencing romanticism. â€Å"Composed† is a poem about Wordsworth’s positive appreciation of London; Wordsworth grew up in Yorkshire – a land full of nature and beautiful countryside: the romantic idea of an idyllic world. This could be why Wordsworth can see the beauty and romantic views in London because he has grown on seeing so many around him. Blake however grew up in London itself therefore allowing him to see its darkness and allowing him to experience a structured and strict society. Wordsworth was an enthusiastic romantic who wrote the poem â€Å"Composed† from what he saw standing â€Å"Upon Westminster Bridge†. Wordsworth expresses his own personal view points on London; we see this as he writes in first person Wordsworth also never refers to other people suggesting that he wants London to be his own and no one else’s. Wordsworth sees freedom and innocence within the city: this can be seen when he writes that the city is â€Å"fair:† using â€Å"fair† suggests that Wordsworth sees an innocent beauty in London. Also Wordsworth uses a colon after the word â€Å"fair:† meaning that the city isn’t just beautiful but has other elements also. â€Å"Fair† is also used often in love poems, showing Wordsworth’s love of the city. Wordsworth’s love of the city is also seen when he uses personification such as â€Å"The River glideth at his own sweet will.† The use of personification identifies that Wordsworth classes the River as an equal or even higher and also shows how personal the city is to him. Differing to Wordsworth sitting and watching the city go by Blake is walking the streets at night: a time when evil is allegedly revealed, Blake choosing this time to write suggests that the poem will be negative and also dark. Blake reveals London’s late night deceptions in his poem â€Å"London†. Blake appears to see nothing in London except deception, oppression, death and depression. This is shown multiple times such as â€Å"And the hapless soldier’s sigh Runs in blood down the palace walls.† The â€Å"soldiers sigh† being the oppression and depression, the â€Å"blood down palace walls† being the death and deception. Wordsworth seems to be the opposition to these negative views, shown in his explicit positive imagery: â€Å"Never did the sun more beautifully steep†. This quotation basically means that the sun has never looked as beautiful as it does now, sunshine symbolises a fresh start and purity. Therefore suggesting the city is pure as the rays of the sun are shining on it. Purity is also suggested when Wordsworth writes that the air is â€Å"smokeless† even in the industrial city, London. The frequent use of positive imagery throughout the poem creates ideas that Wordsworth has seen London as a cathartic experience and has been enlightened by the city. Through out the poem it would appear that Wordsworth wants the reader to feel at peace with London and shows his calm and blissful visit to the city; seen in Wordsworth’s use of language: â€Å"touching†, â€Å"silent† and â€Å"asleep†. All of these words give a harmonious and peaceful atmosphere; this implies that Wordsworth feels at one with the city. Wordsworth was influenced by many different things whilst writing â€Å"Composed†; one of these influences may have been that Wordsworth was on his way to visit his daughter in France, this may have given Wordsworth positive emotions and allowing him to see London as a stepping stone on the way to see his daughter giving him hope. Hope is indicated as Wordsworth writes in the morning, a time for fresh starts and new beginnings, Wordsworth then goes on to say that the morning is â€Å"silent† and â€Å"bare† suggesting that anything can happen. All poets have reasons for writing a per civic poem â€Å"Composed† is no exception to this; Wordsworth writes the poem to show people that romantic ideas and hope can be found anywhere and that London is the heart of this. Both the language and punctuation in the poem shows hope and freedom. The purpose of the poem can also clearly be defined from the quote â€Å"This City now doth like a garment, wear The beauty of the morning; silent bare,† This quotation shows both honesty and innocence; by the words â€Å"silent bare† – both of these words suggests that the city is not hiding anything and possesses no hidden deception. Innocence is shown as the city â€Å"doth like a garment, wear they beauty of the morning;† As the morning is new and innocent and is around the city: reflecting its innocence back upon the city. The poem â€Å"London† by Blake however has a completely different purpose and is written to show that society does not express hope, romantic ideas and is in fact corrupted and full of deception. Blake uses the poem to show how society manipulates nature and faith as shown in the quotation â€Å"Every blackening church appals;† This represents how religion has been manipulated by society and is now evil unlike faith that is true and honourable. The romantic view of organised religion is that it toys with people to make them believe that they believe in God, taking away their freedom and the purity of faith and religion. Blake has always lived in London and craves freedom and an escape from what he perceives a political and oppressed society. The differences between the purposes can be clearly defined and explained, as it is not solely the views of the poets that make their poems it is also, their positions in life and London; their state of mind; experiences and previous encounters with the city and the time of day. Wordsworth uses the structure of â€Å"Composed† to further replicate freedom in London: as the poem is a sonnet (representing society and London – what most believe as ruled and structured) however uses punctuation to break up the rules and structure to enforce freedom and constant flow of life, suggested by Wordsworth’s use of only one full stop. However significant usage of the semi-colon, colon and comma in varied places rather than just at the end of a line thus creating fluency; relating to the river in the city which is free and powerful. Wordsworth’s use of enjambments is also an indication to this much like in the lines â€Å"Open unto the fields, and to the sky; All bright and glittering in the smokeless air.† The enjambments allow the reader to think about the true meaning of the line and language, encouraging them to visualise the scene. Wordsworth uses positive language when talking about London, he also uses straight forward imagery of London opposed to hidden deceptions (like in Blake’s â€Å"London†), and this reflects honesty onto the city. Wordsworth writes of freedom in London this creates hope for the people of London – giving them something to admire and aspire for. This is shown in the quotation â€Å"The river glideth at his own sweet will:† â€Å"glideth† indicates peace and harmony as gliding is a constant non aggressive pace also suggesting freedom and nature, much like a bird gliding through the air – creating hope and showing Wordsworth’s admiration for the River. Although Wordsworth writes about London in a positive way parts of his language suggest that he knows there are parts of London that are not as romantic and peaceful as he sees now. Shown in the quote â€Å"And all that mighty heart is lying still!† this last line indicates that Wordsworth believes the city can be aggressive by referring to it as â€Å"mighty heart† (mighty heart also suggests a busyness as the heart is centre of everything) however sees the city at peace so writes that the city is â€Å"lying still†. Blake also uses the river as a symbol of freedom, however Blake suggests that the river’s freedom is corrupted and restricted – still the river maintains a glimmer of hope being the cities only freedom (according to Blake’s â€Å"London†). We can see Blake’s views on the river in the line â€Å"chartered Thames does flow† First it can be suggested that Blake respects the river as he refers to it by it’s name â€Å"Thames† instead of just calling it â€Å"river† (like in â€Å"Composed†) this suggests that Blake still sees hope in the river and partly wants to be like the river. However restrictions can also be seen in the word â€Å"chartered† suggesting that someone set Thames out that way and that it can not do anything but follow the set out path. There is not only restriction but also freedom within this quote as the river â€Å"flows† this shows freedom and hope. Generally Blake’s language is very morbid and negative, which suggests constrainment leading to the Blake’s view on politics. Blake is very critical of London is the poem the complete opposite to â€Å"Composed† however just like â€Å"Composed†, â€Å"London† is made personal as Blake writes in first person and refers to some of his senses: sight and sound. â€Å"And mark in every face I meet† And â€Å"through the midnight streets I hear† both of these quotations show Blake using his senses, showing that Blake takes in everything that is happening around him. Industrialisation versus romanticism is a key theme throughout the poem; Blake is very traditional and romantic and does not fit into London because of this. Through his poem Blake suggests that the industrialisation that has consumed the city only creates depression, oppression and distinctively destroys happiness and honesty. This is made apparent by the â€Å"chimney sweepers cry† symbolising the depression of the people of London by the â€Å"cry†; however showing that they are trying to clean up the state of society as they are cleaning the dark, dismal and black ashes in the city. Blake does not just blame the city itself Blake also blames the people inside the city – people who influence industrialisation. During the fourth stanza Blake suggests that the actions that people are making now will create problems for the next generation. â€Å"Youthful harlot’s curse† symbolises the sins of the youth creating a â€Å"curse†: a word this is often used in association with witches. These sins cause â€Å"the newborn infants tear† which further exemplifies future problems the next generation will have to deal with and fix due to mistakes made by the youth of the time. The curse in stanza four is also shown by the â€Å"plagues† and the â€Å"marriage hearse† which indicates death. In the case of the â€Å"marriage hearse† this creates a link between eternity and death destroying aspects of hope and proving the impurity of the city. Blake uses imagery, alliteration and language choice to illustrate his portrayal of London; using these skills he opens the open up to his reader inviting them to have their own interpretations. The differences are very apparent between the poems and there are clear divides of attitude; the state of mind of the poets; and how society affects them. Romanticism and industrialisation are key elements in both poems however are showed in immensely different ways. Blake remains negative due to the changes that have taken away romanticism; Wordsworth however keeps positive indicating clear elements of hope.

Ethical Analysis of Baby Theresa Essay

Baby Theresa is a very unique case. Theresa Ann Campo Pearson was an infant born in Florida 1992, with Anencephaly, which is where the two most important parts of the brain are missing, the cerebrum and cerebellum, as well as the top of the skull. Without these parts of the brain she would never have had higher brain functions or consciousness. However, there is still a brain stem connected so all the autonomic functions are still working, such as having a heart beat and breathing. Anencephaly is known as one of the worst congenital disorders, thus these cases are usually detected during pregnancy and aborted. If not aborted, half are stillborn or if born alive, they usually die within a few days. In Baby Theresa’s case, she died nine days after birth. Even though, knowing that Baby Theresa would not live long and never have a conscious life, her parents requested that her organs would not go to waste, but instead be donated for transplants for other infants in need before Theresa’s natural death. In fact, even physicians agreed that was a good idea because over 2000 infants need transplants each year. Unfortunately, the state of Florida prohibits euthanasia and that the organs only be removed when natural death occurs. Eventually, within the nine days Baby Theresa organs decayed and were not used because the Circuit Court Judge Estella Moriarty ruled that a Florida statute does not allow a person to be declared dead while any part of the brain is functioning. The judge told the parents: â€Å"I can’t authorize someone to take your baby’s life, however short, however unsatisfying, to save another child. † Which brings me to my first ethical argument, â€Å"It’s wrong to kill†. According to Immanuel Kant and his Kantian deontological theory, the principle of morality and our perfect duties, which one happens to be â€Å"it’s wrong to kill an innocent person†, comes from the categorical imperative. Kant states in the text on page 18 that, â€Å"act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end. † This is basically saying you always respect another person’s dignity. Thus, from a  Kantian standpoint, it is wrong to kill Theresa and take her organs to save others because then they would be using her merely as a means to other infants’ ends. However, to play devils advocate, â€Å"using a person† typically means you are violating their autonomy- their right to live and decide for themselves according to their own desires and values. With that being said, Baby Theresa was not autonomous because she had no consciousness, she had no ability to ever decide what was in her best interest and desire. So, technically, the Judge of the circuit court was not respecting the parents’ dignity of wanting to donate Theresa’s organs. For that reason, D. W Ross’s theory should have been taken into consideration. Indeed, I understand why the judge decided to make the ruling she did because if she did allow the physicians to take Theresa’s life before natural death took its course, it would have possibly undermined all physicians as untrustworthy, which could have ruined the patient-physician relationship. However, even though her ruling was very understandable, an important and very valuable theory should not have been over looked with a case as exceptional as this one, the Prima Facie Duty. W. D Ross explains when to consider this theory on page 23 that, â€Å" to provide a defensible account of â€Å"cases of conscience,† that is, situations that confront us with a conflict of duties. † Meaning when a person is uncertain and unsettled, but still must make a decision, but yet does not know which direction to go, you make a Prima Facie Duty. Ross then went on to explain that, â€Å"a Prima Facie Duty can be overridden by another Prima Facie Duty that in a particular set of circumstances is more stringent. With that being said, the duty of justice and the duty of beneficence can both be applied here because the Judge should have respected the parents’ religion and wishes, in their time of distress, to make their own personal decisions with their daughter by making other beings in the world conditions better. Also, the â€Å"it’s wrong to kill an innocent person† argument can be debated as well. Yes, I agree, it is wrong to kill a person to save another person, but there are exceptions, like what even makes a person, a person? Should Baby Theresa be considered a person? Research shows that all people have minds and all minds are capable of conscious mental activity, which Baby Theresa did not any thoughts or feelings, she was basically just breathing, so she should not have been considered as a person by these terms. Indeed, many infants could have benefitted from Baby Theresa’s organs, leading me to believe that the Utilitarianism theory was the correct approach to take for this case. In fact, when Jeremy Bentham created the Utilitarianism theory, he also made a point to focus on the consequences as much as the positive outcomes, which was called the Hedonistic Calculus. The Hedonistic Calculus is like a compare and contrast graph to weigh out the pleasures and pains of a situation because his main principle was, â€Å"act to promote the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people and less suffering to the less amount of people† and pleasure is the only value in the world based on the hedonism. With this in mind, if the parents were happy with making other families happy by giving their child organs for a good cause without technically harming or killing Baby Theresa, they ought to do so and that is what Ethics is all about, what you ought to do in a dilemma. Where as, on the other hand, by not allowing the organs to be donated for transplants, not only was the Judge dissatisfying Theresa parents wishes, she was possibly causing a larger chain reaction of disappointment and agony to the other families who would have been grateful and appreciative of Theresa organs, rather than allowing them to decay, causing pain to multiple parties. Ultimately, this case is a tricky one because I fully understand both the Kantian Theory plus the Utilitarianism and Consequentialist theory, but I see absolutely no benefits from overriding the parents’ beliefs and wishes of wanting to donate Theresa’s kidneys, liver, heart, lungs, and eyes because overall, many children could have tremendously benefitted from them.

Air Traffic Control essays

Air Traffic Control essays What Seems to Be the Problem/Solutions? Eight of the countrys busiest airports have significant delays; unable to operate without delays even under optimum conditions(1). This has been a problem the FAA has been dealing with for a long time. Trying to step up to the plate, the FAA planned on spending well above 5 billion dollars to implement a program, not knowing then, but would bring discredit to the FAA even to this day. What seems to be the problem? How do we fix this problem without resorting to a major development plan, such as, the FAAs Advanced Automated Plan which by all accounts was, to little, to late. FAA in its annual aviation conference and forecast, predicts a 39 percent increase in takeoffs and landings by the year 2012. A rise in air travel from almost 26 million in 2000 to 36 million in 2012. The number of passengers flying each year on U.S. airlines is projected to rise from 733 million in 2000 to 1.2 billion in 2012 (2). With this increase in air travel and the inability of the current air traffic system to even handle todays numbers, there has been a mad dash in trying to come up with solutions on how to revamp the air traffic control system. Some of suggestions came from some unlikely people, such as, Sen. John McCain of Arizona. His suggestion was to privatize the system. This idea fell into some major opposition from many freedom action groups, like the AOPA. The AOPA claims with privatizing the system air traffic controllers will give the airliners priority over most general aviation aircraft flying, which in turn will cause safety issues involving all aircraft (3). AOPA took the numbers from countrys currently using the corporate ATC system, like Canada, and analyzed the numbers and came up with its findings, published in Congressional Committee hearings on The Advancement of the Air Traffic System. Fi...

Social Media Goals How to Set Them (And Crush Business Objectives)

Social Media Goals How to Set Them (And Crush Business Objectives) With all the time and money that your team invests into your social media marketing, wouldn’t it be nice to prove beyond a shadow of a doubt that your strategy is working? You first need to set right social media goals to help drive progress toward real business objectives. Then, youll be able to show your organization (or your clients) that their investment in social media marketing is  paying off. In this blog post you’ll learn: How to create attainable S.M.A.R.T social media goals. How to find the data you need to measure progress toward your goals. How to organize and record the data to prove your efforts are on track. How To Set Social Media Goals To Crush Your Business ObjectivesBefore You Start, Download Your Social Media Goal Kit Weve put together two templates to make applying the advice in this post easy: S.M.A.R.T Goals Worksheet to map out your goals and KPIs. Social Media Metrics spreadsheet template to record your weekly, monthly or quarterly data all in one place. Download em both now, and then well move on. Determine Which Channels You’re Going To Focus On The first part of your goal-setting process involves determining which social media channels to focus your efforts on. How do you know what channels to choose? Some qualifications that you may way to think about include: Where do we have the most active social presence? Where do we see the most potential for growth? Where is our competition the most successful online? Using those questions you should be able to prioritize which are most important. Which social media channels is your brand focusing on?Create Your S.M.A.R.T Goals The second part of creating your social media goals involves creating goals that are Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Time-Bound. The goals that you create need to be able to have a numerical value attached to them in some shape or form. For example, let’s break down the S.M.A.R.T specifics of the following goal: I want to add 5,000 Facebook followers to my total count by the end of 2017. This goal statement is: Specific: I want to gain 5,000 Facebook followers. We know exactly what we need to do in order to mark this goal as done. Measurable: 5,000 followers is a measurable value Attainable: If my Facebook followers are at 0, gaining 5,000 followers within a short amount of time, is a bit of a long shot, however, if you have a longer period of time (6 months or more) 5,000 followers is more attainable. Relevant: Is Facebook a strong social media channel that is garnering a lot of website visits or audience interaction? Is it worth the team’s time to invest in getting those extra followers? Time-Bound: The goal of gaining 5,000 followers needs to be met by Q4 of 2017. Your team now has a deadline. Each goal that you create can be recorded in the social media goals kit that you downloaded earlier: But if you need some help brainstorming S.M.A.R.T goals that you’re team wants to reach, we’ve broken down a couple of common goals and how to find the data you need to track progress toward them. Here's how set achievable social media goals (and track your progress towards them)Which Social Media Marketing Goals Should I Focus On? These next set of goals are broken down into categories: Traffic, Conversion  Increases, and Brand Awareness.  Your team can decide which metrics and goals to create in order to best achieve your overall business goals. But what do these categories mean? Traffic: How many of your followers are going from your social channels to your website? Conversions: How often are you followers following through and completing a set action Brand Awareness: How many people are aware of your brand and interacting with you on social media? For example, if one of your overarching business goals is to increase your customer base by 50%, then it would make sense to create goals that will help drive your social media followers to your website, as that traffic contributes to increasing your overall customer base. Recommended Reading: How to Get More Social Media Followers With 30 Awesome Tips Drive Traffic To Your Website What does it mean to create goals that drive traffic to your website? Targeting metrics like: How many of my followers or visitors from my target social media sites are visiting my website? What landing pages are my followers going to from my social sites? How long are they staying on my website or what is my bounce rate? What is the overall traffic percentage coming from social? Tracking these metrics are a great way to figure out where the traffic from your social channels is ending up on your website. If you can figure out where your audience is going, you can see where they’re stopping in the purchase process or what’s driving them all the way to a sale. So let’s break down this first goal. How many of my followers or visitors from my target social media sites are visiting my website? The first thing you’re going to want to do is open Google Analytics. Tracking tools like Google Analytics will help you track your traffic as it moves from your social sites. If you don’t have Google Analytics set up yet, check out this article from MOZ  or the Google  help center  to get started. Open your Google Analytics account and select Acquisition: Under Acquisition,  click through  Social Overview: The next step will be to set the dates in the top right-hand corner  of your screen  and adjusting your date range: Then, you'll be able to see all your referral traffic per social media channel for your selected time period. By clicking into each social network, you can see your top landing pages for each one, too: The numbers next to your top sites are the number of sessions that have occurred from the social site and the percentage of overall session per channel. You can record those numbers in your metrics tracking sheet: Are website visitors sticking around? Calculating your bounce rate is a great way to see if the content that you’ve created on your web pages is causing your audience to stay on your site or bounce right off the page to another one. Finding data to calculate your bounce rate can be complicated so let’s walk through how to find the data you need. Open your Google Analytics and select Behavior: From Behavior select Site Content and then Landing Pages: Then right next to your sidebar in the middle of your page is an option labeled Primary Dimension. Next to Landing Page should be Other which if you click on it will pull up a drop-down menu: You’re going to want to change the Other by selecting Acquisition then Sources. This will allow you to see the bounce rate coming from your social media channels: Now to find your social media pages you may have to click through to find them all but your bounce rates should be listed among the other statistics in your feed: As you collect your bounce rate metrics you can record them in your metrics tracking worksheet: How much traffic is social media contributing to your website traffic overall?  The final metric that you’re going to learn how to track is the percentage of traffic that social is contributing to your overall website traffic. Open Google Analytics and select Acquisition, then Channels: In the list that is generated, there should be an option that says Social. This section will calculate all of the traffic that has come from your social media channels over a specific area of time: You can keep track of your overall traffic percentages in your metric tracking worksheet: Accurately Determine Your Conversions From Social Media Now that you’ve determined how to track your website traffic, let’s move on to how to track conversions from your social media pages. What do conversion metrics look like to your team? It could be answering the following question: How many signups or conversions are happening on our website? While these metrics seem impossible to track, you can find that data you need. It’s just going to take some time and a lot of effort. How many conversions are coming from the traffic from my social media channels?  We’re going to take another dive into Google Analytics. Go to your analytics home page and select Acquisition: From Acquisition select Social and then Conversions: From their you will be able to see your conversion numbers per channel and how many conversions have been generated per channel: Now you may not see a dollar amount for those conversions. Why? Because you need to assign a goal and amount to each conversion. This process can be a bit complicated. For each URL that you are tracking you need to assign a dollar value to that conversion. For example, if you have a thank you for purchasing x product page, every time that URL surfaced you would know that you sold a certain amount of money. The easiest way to set up these URLs is to create goals in your Google Analytics. This process is outlined in this post from the Google Analytics  help desk. Once you have your goals set up and your values assigned for those goals you can begin to record them in your metrics tracking sheet: Accurately Gauge Your Engagement The last set of metrics that you can track revolves around brand engagement and how your followers are interacting with you on your social media channels. Some questions that you may want to answer with your data include: What is our follower growth? How many people are we reaching on our target social channels? How many mentions, shares, and comments are we getting? Tracking metrics like these allow you to gain insight into how your audience is interacting with you and how you can interact and create connections with them. The great thing is that most of these metrics can be found all in one place on each social channel. Recommended Reading: 30 Social Media Engagement Tactics That Will Boost Shares And Conversions Facebook Find your current number of followers on your page: Track your follower growth over time by going to your insights  tab and clicking on followers: To find, reactions, comments, shares and the reach of your posts, go to your Insights tab and click on Posts: Keep track of the data you need in your metrics sheet: Recommended Reading: Facebook Marketing Strategy: Why You Need One (And How to Build It) Twitter To find your current followers, check the information section of your profile. To find your follower growth, select Analytics  and then Audience: To find data on your impressions, engagements and engagement rate, click tweets  in your analytics bar: To get an even deeper break down of your analytics per tweet, click View Tweet Activity: Record that data in your metrics tracking spreadsheet: Recommended Reading: 15 Tactics to Boost Twitter Engagement (Backed By Research) Instagram To find your followers, check the information section of your profile: To find your follower growth scroll down the Insights tab: To get the metrics on your reach, follower change, website clicks and more you can scroll through the Insights tab: To get even more insights per post, click see more  in the posts tab and click on the post you want to see more in-depth analytics on: Those metrics can be recorded in your metrics tracking sheet: Recommended Reading: Everything You Need to Know About Instagram Analytics (+4 Free Tools) LinkedIn To find your current follower count, click into the information section of your profile. (Like you’ve done with every other profile so far): To find follower growth click Manage Page and select Analytics: Scroll down to Followers: To find more information on your impressions, interactions, followers gained and clicks on post: Keep track of your metrics in your metrics tracking sheet: Pinterest To find your Pinterest followers click the information section of your profile. It’s important to note with Pinterest, there is no graph to track your followers. You’re going to need to track your followers through the information section of your Pinterest profile: To find information on your impressions, clicks, saves and pin type per pin: To find information on your impressions, clicks, saves, and number of pins per board: Track your metrics in the metrics tracking sheet: Recommended Reading: How to Improve Your Pinterest Engagement Tactics With These 15 Tips Google+ Google+ is a bit of a beast when it comes to tracking your brand engagement metrics because it’s difficult to know where to look for the data you need. Fortunately, our friends at Steady Demand created this detailed guide on Google+ analytics. Give it a read, and you’ll learn everything you need to know. And if you're tracking Google+ metrics, we left space for you to record them in our metrics tracking worksheet. Recommended Reading: What 20 Studies Say About the Best Times to Post on Social Media Setting Your Baseline: What's Your Standard Social Media Marketing Performance? Now that you know where your metrics are for each social channel and where to record them you can begin to develop your baseline. The baseline is the starting number that you will determine the growth rate of your goals. For example, if you had 1,000 Facebook followers and you wanted to grow that number by 25%, you would take 25% of 1,000 since that is your base number. The easiest way to do this is to track all of your social media metrics at the volume you’re going to record them at (daily, weekly, monthly) for the past six months. Let’s go back to our follower example. Say from June 2016 to January 2017 we saw the following increases in followers on a month by month basis: June: 200 July: 300 August: 500 September: 550 October: 625 December: 900 January: 1,000 You would then take the increases for each month, which are: 100 followers 200 followers 50 followers 75 followers 275 followers 100 followers And average out that number: 1000+200+50+75+275+100 / 6 = 133.33 So your baseline growth for those 6 months is 133.33 followers and your baseline is 1,000.

African Diaspora 3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

African Diaspora 3 - Research Paper Example The first conference of the Association was held in 1900 by Williams and it was a three day conference which comprised of men and women of the African blood. There were many speakers who attended it and the most important message that was addressed to the nation was that the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the colour-line. This was the defining statement of the conference and many of the issues related to the injustice and racism suffered by the Africans were raised. With the support of the French Parliament, a conference was held in 1919 in Paris. It included many members representing the Africans and they came to the suggestion of drafting a law for the rights of the Africans internationally. Further more, the conference discussed the need for supervision of colonies to survive the economic exploitation and to abolish capital punishment of the colonial subjects. The right to education was also raised and self government was stressed upon. It was also suggested that more conferences should be organized for further success (Adi,  Sherwood 13). In 1921, the Pan African conference was held in London and after a month in Brussels. Both the conference stressed upon the racism in America and demanded for local self government. It also discussed the economic and political status of the colonial powers and the need for increased contacts between the interracial groups. In 1923 the conference reaches Lisbon where the representatives addressed the conditions and the exploitations of the black workers and the suggestions to try to demolish racism. Following the conferences, the Pan African delegates held their fifth congress in New York. The conference held delegates from states of America and ten foreign countries. The delegates were mostly blacks and women and the conference was funded by Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom. The conference

Economics for Business and Management Assignment

Economics for Business and Management - Assignment Example Market forces generally are not controlled by any external forces and depend entirely upon the buying and selling traits of the producers and consumers. Scarce goods are associated with an inelastic supply so that a slight change in demand could result to a huge change in the price of the commodity. Moreover, their break-even price is set at a high level which automatically makes adjustments at the consumer base. Usually, scarce resources are found to be the ones associated with a high amount of demand which is why it is wrongful to bar buyers from consuming the same. In many cases the consumers are found to be prepared for paying a high price for acquiring a marginal amount of the commodity. If the distribution of such commodities are rationed and controlled by some external factor, the society is unlikely of reaching the optimum level of efficiency. In fact, in order to restore efficiency in market mechanisms, it is highly essential to incorporate competition in the field. The grea ter the competition is, higher will be the propensity among sellers to deduce ways through which they might be able to distribute a particular good at reasonable rates (Buigues & Rey, 2004, p. 183). However, maintaining such a stance in case of a scarce good might turn out to be detrimental for the society in the long run if the commodity is exhaustible in nature. Hence, some amount of restriction must be present to specify the level of price floor, which automatically curtails the aggregate market demand. On the other hand, if the commodity in question is not an exhaustible one, i.e., gets replenished over time, then an unrestricted market mechanism could be regarded as the best option to instil efficiency and eventually, a good investment climate in the economy. Scarcity of a good often leads to innovation and greater productivity in order to invent substitute commodities of the said item. A successful innovation is thus, often triggered by excess demand in the market. The substit ute commodity is quite often associated with a lower price level so that even the poorer consumers are able to afford the same. Furthermore, the scarce good is deployed as little as possible which drives its supply schedule leftwards thus lowering the equilibrium market price. An effective innovation is likely to rouse demands which could be beneficial for the economy. Higher the prospects of innovation and productivity is, better are the employment prospects and thus, of output generation. Answer to Question 2 Although efficient allocation of resources could be accomplished best through the introduction of market system in the society, there are some exceptions where government intervention could turn out to be beneficial for the society as a whole. In situations where the commodity in question is a scarce good, it being exposed to market forces might lead to excessive deployment of the same. If the good is an exhaustible one like fossil fuels, the ultimate consequence could turn o ut to be quite damaging. Even if the commodity is inexhaustible in nature, too much use of the same could lead to exigent situations when the good is unavailable. In such situations, it is necessary for the government body to intervene in market